ERS does not include crop-insurance data in its Government-payments tables. ERS Government-payments data are reported on a calendar-year basis, rather than the fiscal-year basis used by the Congressional Budget Office. Farm Income and Wealth Statistics, Government Payments provide an interactive database on direct Government payments by program for the United States and individual States. USDA, Economic Research Service farm income data includes calendar-year data, historical and forecast, on direct Government payments. Additionally, index plans and supplemental policy endorsements have gained popularity, in terms of acreage covered, in recent years and have partly contributed to rising premiums and subsidies.ĭownload higher resolution chart (2641 pixels by 1325, 330 dpi)ĭownload chart data in Excel format. Following the introduction of revenue-based insurance policies in the 1990s, their use increased to cover the largest share of enrolled acres. With prices rising again in 2021, premiums and subsidies have followed. These expenditures include support to crop-insurance companies for delivery and underwriting, as well as subsidies for farmer premiums.Īs prices for several major commodities fell from their peaks in 2012-13, premiums and subsidy expenditures correspondingly dropped, since premium calculations depend in part on expected prices and subsidies are a set percentage of the premium. Under the 2018 Farm Act, crop-insurance-program expenditures were projected to comprise almost 9 percent of total outlays over 2019-23. Details on food and nutrition-assistance-program spending can be found at ERS Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials, Food Security and Nutrition Assistance.Ĭrop insurance. Mandatory nutrition-program spending was projected to account for more than 75 percent of 2018 Farm Act outlays. Four policy areas dominate projected spending under the 2018 Farm Act: Many research and rural-development programs are funded in this way.ĬBO projections include only programs authorized with mandatory funding in the Farm Act. Once program expenditures reach the level appropriated for that year, no additional funds can be spent unless Congress provides new appropriations. Programs authorized with discretionary funding may be funded up to the level provided by legislation, but Congress may change the funding level each year for these programs. Examples of Farm Act programs provided with mandatory funding include the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) as well as most commodity and conservation programs.ĭiscretionary funding. Congress can alter mandatory-funding levels at any time through new legislation, but there is no automatic reconsideration during the span of the Farm Act. Government costs under these programs may vary from year to year, depending on program-participation levels and economic conditions. Spending is not constrained by annual limits. Programs authorized with mandatory funding are provided funds as needed (or to a statutory level) through the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and are not subject to annual appropriations decisions by Congress. The 2018 Farm Act authorizes two kinds of program funding: This chart is based on data available as of April 2022 that is subject to revision and a chart in the USDA, Economic Research Service’s Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2021 Annual Report, released June 22, 2022.Download higher resolution chart (1814 pixels by 1536, 330 dpi)ĭownload chart data in Excel format. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) accounted for 2.7 percent of total spending. The Summer Food Service Program, which schools used to provide free meals in FY 2021, including during unanticipated closures, made up the largest share of this spending. Combined spending on the four largest child nutrition programs accounted for 15.6 percent of total spending in FY 2021. A temporary benefit increase, the expansion of emergency allotments, and higher participation contributed to the record-high Federal SNAP spending of $113.8 billion. Spending on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) accounted for 62.4 percent of total spending in the same year. Together, these temporary programs accounted for 17.2 percent of nutrition assistance spending in FY 2021. The distribution of this spending across programs reflects the Federal response to the ongoing Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which included expansions of existing programs as well as the continued operation of two temporary programs-Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer (P-EBT) and the Farmers to Families Food Box Program (which ended in May 2021). Total spending on USDA’s food and nutrition assistance programs reached $182.5 billion in fiscal year (FY) 2021.
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